Crude-oil engine.



PATENTED FEB. 25, 1908.

O. H. MGOLINTOOK.

CRUDE OIL ENGINE.

APPLICATION FILED DEO.24.1906.

3 SHEETS-SHEET 1.

flfgz-i INVENTOR tar-1:5 H fi'I @h nfo 01-9.

A TTORNE Y m H w m H 1 fl a 5 2 m 5 B E E H aa F s .0 D 3 E E T F T A P6 0 9 E m w G 5 T B 6 NND 6 m n O EW a .-D1 HUM wn n A INVENTOR (harks1+ m cjlhf'adk WITNESSES:

A TTORNE Y NO. 879,884. PATENTED FEB. 25, 1908.

O. H. MbGLINTOGK.

CRUDE OIL ENGINE.

APPLICATION FILED DEO.24,1906.

3 SHEETS-SHEET 3.

WITNESSES:

IN VEN TOR (fun-155 .H../11: ell' rou ATTORNEY CHARLES H. McCl ATOGK, OFHARTFORD CITY, INDIANA.

CRUDE-OIL ENGINE.

Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented Feb. 25, 1908'.

Application filed December 24. 1906. Serial No. 349.238.

' T all whom it may concern: 1

. and useful Crude-Oil Engine, of which Be it known that 1, CHARLES H.MCOLIN- Took, a citizen of the United States, residing 1 at HartfordCity, in the county of Blackford i and State of Indiana, have invented anew the following is a specification.

'Myinvention has reference to improvements in internal combustionengines of the class wherein the fluid admixture of the hydrocarbons ofcrude oil, and air, is introduced into the mixing chamber by the suctionproduced by the stroke ofthe' engine s piston, and has for its objectsto provide an engine whichwill be simple and compact in construction, offew parts, and which may be operated easily and economically,'andwhichwill not be liable to get out of order or adjustment.

The features of my invention consist of the novel arrangement andconstruction of the feeding mechanism so that it may be automaticallyoperated by the speed-governor, whereby the feedin'g'of the oil and theair which together constitute the fuel for the operation of the engine,is accomplished in an improved manner, and whereby the amount offuelconsumed by the engine will be varied proportionately to the varyingdegree of power developed by the engine, and

. further, whereby .the mechanism may be adjusted to work successfullywith oils of varying density. I

The objects above stated and other purposes which will become apparentas the specification of my invention is disclosed, are accomplished bythe novel and new construction, combination and arrangement of parts andmechanism described in this specification, illustrated in theaccompanying drawings and designated in the appended claims.

In the drawings'Figure 1 is a side view of my improved engine, one ofthe fly-wheels and one of the side-caps of the frame being removed. Fig.2 is a top plan view of my improved engine, a portion of the top-cap ofthe frame having been broken away. Fig. 3 represents a vertical centrallongitudinal section of my improved engine, and Fig. 4 is an 1 end viewof the same,-the cylinder head hav- 1 ing been removed, Fig. 5 is;adetached' view of the feed-chest seat and the feedorts. Fig. 6 is atransverse sectional. view of the frame taken on the line the feeding-mechanism being removed.

same embodied in and details of the smaller sized engine illus 6 6 Figgit, l communicates Fig. 7 is a detached enlarged side view, and 1salike transverse sectional view of the sidecap. Fig. 9 is a detachedenlarged end view and Fig. 10 a longitudinal sectional view of thepiston. Fig. 11 is a detached enlarged central longitudinal view, andFig. 12 is a detached enlarged transverse central sectional view of thefeeding mechanism. Fig. 13 is a detailed enlarged view of the removablemain-journal box. v

Similar characters of reference refer to corresponding parts throughoutthe several views.

The frame and body of my improved engine is of the simple constructionand arrangement as plainly shown in the several views, and is sodesigned as to be cast'in a single piece for, engines of the smallersizes. In the larger sizes the cylinder is cast separately and joined tothe main portion of the frame in a suitable manner. In thisspecification of my invention 1 have shown the the form of, constructiontrated in the drawings.

he smoothly bored cates with the chamber 2; leading from this chamber isthe channel 3 which terminates in the mouth 4-enlarged into the form asshown in Fig. 3 and Fig. 5, and about which mouth is providedthe'machined seat 5 upon which is secured the feeding mechanism to behereinafter described.

6 designates the feed ports leading from the mouth 4 into the cylinder,and 7 are the exhaust ports which are of increased dimension andwhich'form ample communication Fig. 8

cylinder 1 communi-' from the cylinder into the exhaust chamber and pipe8 through which the spent products of combustion are conveyed into aproper receptacle or discharged into. the air.

9 designates'a cavity extending continuously' about the cylinder bore;at-the ends of the cylinder the webs 1 0 are provided,

as shown in Fig. 4, to receive the bolts securing the cylinder-head inposition. The cylinder-head 11 is in like manner provided with acontinuous cavity therein, broken only by the suitable webs provided inits face for the reception of the securing bolts, and corresponding withthe like webs in the cylinder. As plainly shown, the cavity 9 freelywith the cavity of the cylinder-head so that the free circulation of thewater about the cylinder and the cylinder-head is efl'eced, itsintroduction being had at the pipe 12 and its escape at the pi e 13. Thecylinder and its head may thus be kept free from undue heating while theengine is in operation,

The forward top and end of the frame are finished so as to receive theto the end-cap 15 which are b0 ted thereon, a suitable layer of packingbeing interposed so that these openings of the chamber 2 are sealed. Theside walls of the chamber are provided .with the vertically disposedintegrally formed housing walls 16, as shown in Fig. 1, the bottom ofthe housing being formed on an oblique angle wherein the lower boxingsfor the bearing of the main-shaft 17 are retained.

' 18 designates the upper box which fits snugly and slidingly in thehousings 16 and is retained in true position against the shaft by theset screw 19.

20 designates the side caps, a detail thereof being shown at Fig. 7 andFig. 8, which are adapted faces, a layer of suitable packing beinginterposed soas to make a sealed joint. These side caps are providedwith the thickened portion 21 transversely perforated for the receptionof the shaft 17 and having stuffing boxes 22 therein so that the openingof the chamber-.wallthrough which the shaft passes, may be packed,therebypreventing the escape about the shaft of the contents of thechamber the reasons whereof will be presently disclosed. This improvedconstruction of the frame and casing is more fully specified andparticularly claimed in otally secured that unnecessary weight mydivisional application, SerialNo. 375819 filed May, 27, 1907.

The piston 23 is of the structure and conformation as plainly shown inFig. 2, and in detail in Fig. 9 and Fig. 10, and is composed of a hollowmember, closed at its one end and machined on its exterior to nicely fitthe bore of the cylinder. The well known splitring packing is used. Theclosed end of the piston is provided with the deflector 24 positionedtoward the edge of the piston nearest the feed port, and of the form asshown in" Fig. 3 and Figs. 9 and 10, the function of which deflectorupon which is pivotally retained one end of the pitman 25', its oppositeend being pivto the Wrist of the double crank of the shaft 17, upon theextending portions of which shaft are the fly wheels.

The lower part of the frame or body of the engine is hollowed out as isdispensed with.

The Important feature of my invention is the feeding mechanism throughwhich is in- -cap 14 and' to be bolted tightly on the housing will bepresently disclosed. This piston is provided with suitable bearing shownin Fig. 3 so troduced the fuel with which the engineis operated. Of thismechanism 26 designates the feed-chest suitably flanged so as to bebolted on the seat 5 and having integrally formed arms 27 and 28supporting the journal boxes 29 and 30, as shown in Fig. 12 in detail.These two journal boxes are sustained 011 a common plane and journaledin the box 30 is the shaft 31 with the pulley 32 I rigidly securedthereto and belted to the main-shaft 17. The interior end of this shaftis enlarged into the sleeve 33 having integrally formed lugs wherein arepivoted the centrifugal levers 34 weighted by the balls 35.. Looselyretained in the bore of this sleeve is the head 36 having its; endbifurcated for the reception, loosely, of the ends of the levers 34 theopposite end of this head I 36 has a suitable bore wherein is the shaft37 the end 'of the bore and shaft being provided with the ball bearing38 j ournaled' whereby such friction as may occur by the g impingementof the sleeve against the end of' the shaft 37 is minimized. The shaft37 is j ournaled at its opposite end bushing 39 retained in the box 29.

may be locked in desired positions by the lock-nut 40 provided thereat.

41 designates the regulator-head secured detachably to the shaft 37, andprovided with the o positely disposed cams 42 and 43, as shown y thefunctions tioned.

44 designates a coil-spring, its one end bearing against theregulator-head and its opposite end residing in the bore. of the journalbox 29 and. against the bushing 39, the function of this spring is tofirmly retain the shaft 37 in normal position in the sleeve 33. By theadjustable bushing the tension under which the centrifugal levers work-may be easily regulated, as will be hereinafter referred to.

The feed-chest,as shown in Figs. 1 1 and 12, has the a erture 45 adaptedto communicate freely wifih the throat 4, its lower edges being beveledand machined so as to receive the correspondingly beveled and finishededge of the valve .46 its upwardly disposed stem 47 being slidinglyretained in the suitable hole provided in the top of the chest andenlarged into the recess .48. In this recess resides the coil-spring 49which bears against. the underside of the head 50 whereby the valve 46is firmly against its seat.

Secured on the opposite sides of the feedchest communicat' gly with theaperture 45 are the oil-inlet member and the air-inlet member as plainlyshown in Fig. 3 and in Fig.- 11. These members are provided with 1suitable flanges so as to be bolted securely to retained normally in thethreaded This bushing is thus adjustable in position anddotted lines inFig. 2, the whereof will be hereinafter mensecured on the valve-stem,-

are sse layer of packing 26 being tight yoint. i

the feed-chest interposed t The head 51 of the oil-inlet member issuitably bored so as to retain slidingly the plunger 52, and the.-.:;.terior end oi the head is perforated by the small channel 53 wherethe pipe 54 leading from the oil supply is secured This small channel 53in turn communicates with the enlarged oil-passage 55 which extendsabout the end of theplunger and opens below into the feed-chest. Thisplunger 52 is tapered on its endto fit in the cone-shaped enlargement ofthe channel 53.

The-opposite end of the plunger has-the shoulder 56 against which theend of the coi spring- 5'7, having ts opposite end against the head 51,is impinged. J The stem 58 screwed into the end of the plunger 52 andads ted to be adjustahly retained therein by the och-nut 59, is providedwith the tip (it) adapted to fit m'ovably and freely in the slot 42 ofthe regulator-head, as plainly sl Figs. 2 and 11. Thus the plunger wi lhe retained with its tip normally engagement with the slot 42 and thetapered end apart from the opening of the channel 53, and the heregulated to width of this opening-i a nicety.

The head 61. of the oil-inlet member is hollowed out whereby the ampleair-passage 62 is formed. The izericr end of the head is bored so as toretain s the-plunger and its opposite end is shouldered having the face66. threaded and has adjustably secured thereon the gage-cap This caphas ample apertures tlierethrough so.

thatfree access of air into the air-inlet member is at all timesaiiorded.

The plunger 63 is s?' iingly retained at its exterior end, in thesuitable hole the gage cap and has the valve 65 ot' smaller sion thanthe bore of the cap secured thereto at such position with reference tothe tip 67 that when the tip which is adapted to :lit freely in the camd3 occupies its normal position therein, the valve 65 will standslightly away from the face 66. The coil-spring 68 about this plungerand having its ends hear ing against the gage-cap and the valve 55performs the function of retaining the plunger tip pressed. into itsposition against the cam 43..

From the foregoing disclosure of the construction and function of thevarious parts of my invention, it will be easily understood that in theoperation of the engine the amount of oil and the amount of air desiredto be fed into the iced-chest may be regulated to answer anyrequirements and to the use oi oils oi var g density, and that as thedesired speed of the engine is attainedthe feed of the oil. and air inthe proportions as fixed, will be lessened or increased, as the own inerformance of the engine is lesser or greater,

the case may be. 6i} designates the igniter, composed of a hollow memberclosed its upper end, its lower end opening; into the aperturecommunicating directly with the cylinder. This igniter is kept heatedsu'liiciently by any suitable means. have used a gas flame introducedinto and about the igniter and inclosed by the flue 70. A Bunsen burneror other means may he used as well whereby a high and uniform degree ofheat'is maintained adjacent to and communicating with the igniteraperture of thecylindcr. A suitable conduit isprovidedto convey the oil'supply to the head 51, and is provided with the suitable valve 72.

While I have shown my invention embodied in a machine oi theconstruction described herein, and believe the best mode possible forthe applicatio n ofthe' principles of the invention'has been explained,it will be understood that minor changes may be made in the parts, andforms and details, which will not in the least ai'l'ect the nature orprinciples of my invention.

When the engine is in readiness to operate, the topcap, end-cap andside-caps all are secured in position and the packing about themain-shaft is eilected, all of the Working parts of the engine beingclosed in a substantially air-tight casement, and in the respectivepositions. The igniter is first properly brought to proper degree ofheat. The valve 72 is opened permitting; the oil to flow into theoil-inlet and teen-chest. As the piston is moved rearwardly apartialvacuum is produced in the chamber which causes the valve to quickly openwhereby acha-rge of oil and air which have been. introduced through thefeed-chest, is drawn forcibly into the throat 4, this quick and forciblesuction volatilizes the oil partially and draws it onward and into thechamber 2. Simultaneously with the movement 01 the piston forwardly, thevalve 45 is closed and as the piston'progressesand the pitrnan and crankagitate the contents of the chamber, the air and oil in the chamber andthe channel are agitated violently, heated, andcompressed; As the pistonreaches the end of the forward stroke the mixture is impelled throughthe feed ports and against the deflector on the piston. ture causes itto become further volatilized and vaporized; as wardly the ch arge ofthe volatilized and vap-v orized mixturein the cylinder is rapidlyfurther vaporized by its increasing heat due to the compression of thesame by the piston, and when the piston has reached the limit of itsrearward travel the mixture has become:

highly explosive and is instantly ignited by the heat maintained in theigniter aperture.

This sudden deflection of the mix-- the piston progresses rear-- theinlet of t 7 2O iiead which in addition referre .3 0

. mixture proper to be fixed by the adjustment of the spring-pressedplished by the governor mechanism actiiatwalls of the frame and casementbecome. warmed andthe air plunger. After the set as desired so that aDuring the rearward movement of the piston, as just described, the valve46 has been opened and a fresh charge of oil and air taken into thethroat. By the fofc of the explosion, the piston is impelled forwardlywith great power. As the piston reaches the limit of its forward stroke,and before the feed port has commenced to open,' the exhaust port, sopositioned and pro ortioned for the pur ose, has been opene by thepassing of t e piston, and the s ent products of combustion in thecylindiar are expelled and all pressure in the cylinder disappears. Asthe piston again reaches the limit of its forward stroke the ports are aain opened and a fresh charge of the volatihzed ollenters through thefeed port. .Although the exhaust ort is open during thetime of e"volatilized mixture through the feed port, none of the mixture willescape from the cylinder as it is not at this time under pressure, andto prevent the possibility of any of the mixture escaping through theexhaust ort by the impulse given it in its quick and forcible injectionthrough the feed ort the deflector is provided on the piston .tobreaking and volthe mixture strikingit as heretofore to, performs theadditional function of breaking the straight line of ingress, therebypreventing the escape of any portion of it through the exhaust-port.Immediately following the inlet of fresh mixture, as just described, thepiston again moves forwardly and the o eration as just described, isrepeated. As t e operation continues the atilizing more ra idly theparts operate, the moreperfectly the processes of volatilization,vaporization and combustion are accomplished. Complete lubrication ofall of the working arts of the engine is also accomplished, and afterthe engine is started no further attention to it is necessary, otherthan'occasionally the lubrication of the air plunger and the governormechanism.

In the o eration of'my improved engine an exceeding y small quantity ofoil is required.

, her

The consistency of the mixture of oil and airas the same reaches thevalve 46, may be regulated to a nicety by the manipulation of adjustingmeans of the oil plunger and the plungers have been certain feed of fuelfor a given erformance of the, engine may be obtained, t en theuota-iiof the combined fed into the chamber, is

regulator-head. The

regulation of the speed of the engine is then automatically accomef mgthe re latdr-head whereby the feed of face of the valve 46 el is-varied.

the mixed What I claim as my invention and desire to secure by LettersPatent is 1. In a feeding mechanism for internal combustion engines, thecombination of a feed-receptacle havin "a puppet-valve therein adaptedto norma ly close the mouth of said feed-receptacle, an oil-inlet memberand an air-inlet member leading into said feed-receptacle, a springpressed valve in each of said members, the said valves having their/stems disposed toward each other, a speed governor, and a device suported by said feed-receptacle and controlled by the said speed-governorand engaging said valvestems to actuate the said valves simultaneously.

2. In a device of the kind described, the combination of afeed-receptacle having a puppet-valve therein adapted to normally closethe mouth of said feed-receptacle, an

oil-inlet member and an air-inlet member leading into saidfeed-receptacle each memher having a spring-pressed valve therein, thestems of said valves being disposed toward each other, a speed-governor,means to actuate said valves including a'wedge mounted between and inslidable engagement with the said valve-stems and adjustably secured ona shaft connected to the governor whereby the wedge will be moved by theaction of the governor. 3. In a device of the kind described,'the

combination of a feed-receptacle having a puppet-valve therein adaptedto normally close the mouth of said feed-receptacle, an an air-inletmember.

oil-inlet member and leading into said feed-receptacle each memhaving aspring-pressed valve therein,

the stems of said valves being disposed toward each other, -means toactuate said valves including a shaft having its one end j ournaled in abearing supported by the feedrece tacleygits other end being journaledin the odyortion and engaging the arms of a centrifugal governor whichis j ournaled on a bearing supported by the feed-receptacle, a, Wedgeadjustably secured on said shaft and engaging the saidvalve-stemsslidably but [being not free to revolve, a spring to sustain the end ofthe shaft in actual engagement with the governor, and a device to adjustthe tension of said spring, substantially as set forth;

4. In a device of the kind described, a feeding mechanism comprising abox-shaped receptacle with an aperture 45 having its lower inner edgemachined to receive the positioned therein, its stem extending throughthe top of the recep tacle, and having a head thereon and beingsustained by a spring so that the valve is normally pressed against theseat of the aperture, oppositely disposed oil-inlet and air-inletmembersopening 'into the a having'disposed sliding? of the adjustable va avingvalves thereon,

stems of said valves mounted on the'trans- I versely extending shaft 37which is slidingly supportedat its one end in the journal-box 29 andyieldingly pressed b a spring against the ball-bearing in the b' rcatedhead 36 journaled in the sleeve ertiire and rotatably mounted in thejournal-box 30 and ly in the eadstherehaving'a pulley 32 thereon, andhaving piv- I ve stems 52 and 63. otally supported on its sidesweightedceneldingly pressed toward each other and trifugal levers,substantially as set forth.

In testimony whereof I'have signed my name to this specification, in thepresence of two subscribing witnesses.

CHARLES H. MOOLINTOCK. Witnesses:

l A. G. DowELL,

THOMAS L. RYAN.

a wedge between the 33", this sleeve being

